Series vs Parallel circuit is a fundamental decision for electrical engineers designing electronic circuit boards. It’s essential to understand the unique characteristics of both circuit configurations to make an informed decision.
This guide will not only explore the differences between the two but also provide quick insights into their design considerations. So let us get straight into the topic.
| Feature | Series Circuit | Parallel Circuit |
| Current Flow | The same current flows through each component. | Current divides and flows through each path. |
| Voltage Distribution | Voltage divides across each component. | Voltage across each component is the same. |
| Resistance/Impedance | Total resistance is the sum of individual resistances. | Total resistance is less than the smallest individual resistance. |
| Adding Components | Increases total resistance. | May decrease total resistance. |
| Failure of a Component | Causes the whole circuit to fail (open circuit). | Other components can still function. |
| Examples | Old Christmas lights, some battery configurations. | Home wiring, electronic appliances. |
| Power Distribution | Not efficient for components with different power needs. | More efficient and consistent for each component. |
| Current Load Handling | Limited by the weakest component. | Better suited for high current loads. |
What is a Series Circuit?
In a series circuit, components are connected end-to-end. Hence, all of them create a single path for the flow of current. In this configuration, the same current passes through each component, and the total voltage across the circuit is divided among the components in the series.
Now let’s discuss the series circuit in terms of its key characteristics one by one:
Single Current Flow
As we have said earlier all of the components in the series are end-to-end present in a single path for current to flow. Hence, the current flows from one component to the other in a smooth flow through all other components in the circuit.
Constant Current
The current is the same in all parts of a series circuit. We can say that the current does not ‘get used up’ along the circuit; it remains constant throughout.
Voltage Distribution
In a series circuit, the total voltage is divided among the components. Each component receives a portion of the total voltage, which is determined by its resistance.
Total Resistance
The total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of the individual resistances of all components. If we add more components it increases the total resistance then it reduces the current flow and makes all components dimmer.
Components Brightness
In a series circuit, the addition of more components reduces the brightness of all components. This is because the total resistance increases which ultimately reduces the current flow through each component.
Voltage Drop
Each component in a series circuit experiences a voltage drop. The voltage drop across each component is proportional to its resistance.
Total Voltage
The total voltage in a series circuit is equal to the sum of the voltage drops across each component. We can also say that the components in the circuit consume the total voltage.
What is a Parallel Circuit?
In a parallel circuit, components are present in branches. All of them create multiple paths for the current to flow. Each component has the same voltage source that enables them to operate independently.
Now let’s move toward the key characteristics of the parallel circuit:
Flow of Current
In a parallel circuit, components in branches are present that allow current to flow through each component along separate paths.
Voltage Across Components
Each component in a parallel circuit is connected across the same voltage source. This is the reason why the voltage across each component is the same as the total voltage of the circuit.
Current Distribution
The total amount of current in a parallel circuit among the branches lies in the resistance of each branch. Components with lower resistance will draw more current compared to those with higher resistance.
Independent Operation
Components in a parallel circuit operate independently of each other. If one of any components fails, the others will continue to operate normally.
Total Resistance
The total resistance of a parallel circuit is calculated differently than in a series circuit. It is less than the smallest individual resistance in the circuit and can be calculated
Brightness of Components
In a parallel circuit if we add more components then no brightness of existing components will affect. Each component receives the full voltage and draws its own current.
Solar Panel Series Vs Parallel Circuit Configurations
When you’re setting up your solar panels, you need to think about how you connect them. There are two main ways for this. One is to connect them in series and the other one in parallel. But the question arises here which is the best option? So let’s discuss this point.
Series Circuit Configuration
In series, you connect the panels in a line, like a string of Christmas lights. This increases the total power. On the other hand, if one panel doesn’t work well, it affects all the others.
Parallel Circuit Configurations
In parallel, you connect all the positive terminals together and all the negative terminals together. This keeps the voltage the same but increases the total power. If one panel is shaded or damaged, it doesn’t affect the others as much.
Series Vs Parallel – Which One To Choose?
Which one you choose depends on your situation. If your panels will be in the sun most of the time, the series might be better. But if some panels might be shaded, a parallel could be a smarter choice.
Batteries Connection in Series Vs Parallel
When you’re connecting batteries for your boat, RV, or solar setup, you might need more power than one battery can provide. That’s where series and parallel connections come in.
If you need more voltage for your devices then according to our point of view you should connect the batteries in series. This method increases the total voltage will also keep the capacity the same. For example, if you connect two 12V batteries in a series give,you will have a total of 24V.
On the other hand, if you need to run your devices for longer periods then it would be better to connect the batteries in parallel is the right answer. This method keeps the voltage the same but increases the total capacity. For instance, two 12V batteries in parallel gives you a total capacity of 60 amp hours.
The choice between series and parallel connections depends on your specific needs. You can also consider a series-parallel connection for both increased voltage and capacity. Just make sure to always use batteries with the same voltage and capacity ratings to avoid damage and ensure safe operation.
Tips for Wiring Batteries in Series vs Parallel Circuit
Wiring of batteries is an essential task that requires some precautions and guidelines. For wiring properly, every engineer should know the tips and tricks to do the task efficiently and accurately.
So here are some tips by our experts for wiring batteries in series vs parallel.
Wiring Batteries in Series Circuit
- Ensure all batteries have the same voltage rating.
- Connect the positive terminal of one battery to the negative terminal of the next.
- Wiring in series increases voltage but does not change the ampere-hour (Ah) capacity.
- When charging batteries in series, use a charger compatible with the total combined voltage of all batteries.
Wiring Batteries in Parallel Circuit
- All batteries in parallel should have the same voltage and capacity ratings.
- Connect the positive terminals together and the negative terminals together.
- Wiring in parallel increases the total capacity (Ah) while keeping the voltage the same.
- Due to the higher current draw in parallel connections, use thicker cables to handle the load.
Series Vs Parallel Circuit: Which is More Suitable?
In some cases series circuits are simpler so opt for it due to its specific total resistance requirements. On the other hand, parallel circuits offer independent current paths and are more reliable in case of component failure.
There are additional justifications to consider in the debate between current in series Vs parallel circuits. Let’s discuss these points as well:
- If the application requires power to be distributed to multiple components independently, a parallel circuit is preferred due to its ability to provide independent current paths.
- It is worth noting that for applications where reliability is crucial, such as in critical systems or safety devices, a parallel circuit is better because a single component failure does not result in the failure of the entire circuit.
- If the application requires components to operate at different voltages, a parallel circuit is better because each component can receive the full source voltage independently.
- Remember if you need specific total resistance in applications then a series circuit is preferred because the total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances of the components.
- Parallel circuits are often more efficient than series circuits. This is because parallel circuits can deliver power to multiple components simultaneously, while series circuits must deliver power sequentially through each component.
- The cost of components can also be a factor in determining which circuit is better. In some cases, series circuits may require fewer components so in this way it has reduced costs.
Final Words
Now, if you’re trying to decide between a series or parallel circuit then let’s make it a bit simpler for you. Consider a series circuit like a single-lane road, where all the cars (current) must follow the same path. It’s simple and straightforward, but if there’s an issue, like a breakdown, the whole road is blocked.
On the other hand, a parallel circuit is like a highway with multiple lanes. Each lane (branch) can handle its traffic independently. Remember it offers more flexibility and redundancy than series circuits. If one lane has a problem, the others can still flow smoothly.
So, which is better? It all depends on your needs. If you prioritize simplicity and are okay with the entire circuit being affected by one component, a series circuit might suffice. However, if you value flexibility, and efficiency, and want to avoid a single point of failure, a parallel circuit is the way to go.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the best option for solar panels series vs parallel?
Series wiring reduces the wiring complexity and shading impact. On the other hand, parallel wiring increases the overall system output and allows for easier expansion.
How wiring 12V batteries in series vs parallel takes place?
Wiring 12V batteries in series involves connecting the positive terminal of one battery to the negative terminal of another which increases the total voltage. In parallel, the positive terminals and the negative terminals are connected which ultimately increases total capacity.
How do batteries behave in series vs parallel?
When we connect batteries in series, their voltages add up while the capacity remains the same. In contrast to series in parallel, the voltage stays the same but the capacity (runtime) increases.
Is it the right way to connect batteries both in series and parallel?
Yes, if we connect batteries in series-parallel configurations then this way we achieve both higher voltage and increased capacity.
When should you wire batteries in a series circuit?
Series is suitable when you need to increase the total voltage for your application. For example, if you have two 12V batteries and you need 24V, you can wire them in series.
